Classification of CNC machine tools

lathe equipment traditionally intended not only for turning and boring of various types of parts. The wide range of work performed includes: tapping, countersinking, drilling holes and trimming conical or cylindrical parts.

The scheme of the machine is carried out using two controlled coordinates:

Z - guide along the spindle axis;

X - transverse guide, which is responsible for the movement of the slide perpendicular to the axis itself;

The cutters or turret moves along the Z-coordinate and rotates relative to the spindle in three directions: perpendicular, oblique or parallel. The turret design can contain up to 12 positions, each of which can be equipped with two tools: drills, cutters and milling saws. Tools can be placed for both internal and external machining. The most commonly used heads consist of 4, 6 and 12 positions, depending on the nature of the work being performed. Another way of placing the tools is to install two turrets in one gantry. One side will be for internal processing, the other for external.

The magazine for turrets from machine tools with software is equipped with 20 tools. Practice shows that a little less than half of all are actually used. Perhaps this prudence is associated with the low wear resistance and frequency of use of certain tools. In general, large stores are purchased for complex and time-consuming work in industrial production, as well as when the material is particularly difficult to process.
Machining centers (OC) or, in other words, multi-operation CNC devices perform various types of processing using tools and specially developed software schemes. Thanks to a mechanical device that allows automatic tool changes during machining, the machine can perform many operations without physically changing the cutting attachments.
However, the main advantage of the installation is the ability to control the spindle head to move in several planes (coordinates). Thus, processing is faster and at a higher quality level.