Basic requirements for the design of a list of references
Список использованной литературы является обязательным элементом любого реферата и показывает глубину изучения темы автором. Russian educational institutions have design standards based on GOST 7.1-2003 and GOST R 7.0.100-2018.
A correctly compiled bibliography should include all sources that were used in writing the work. An insufficient number of sources or their incorrect formatting may negatively affect the evaluation of the abstract.
Structure and location of sources
The list of references is usually located after the main text of the abstract, but before the appendices. Sources should be listed alphabetically by author's last name or by title of work if the author is not listed.
When compiling a list, the following order is recommended:
- Regulatory acts (legal force)
- Books and monographs
- Articles from periodicals
- Electronic resources
- Foreign sources
Each source is numbered in Arabic numerals with a dot. The text of the abstract must contain links to the sources used in square brackets.
Design of books and monographs
For books by the same author, the following scheme is used:
Last name, I.O. Book title: subtitle/I.O. Surname. – City: Publisher, year of publication. – number of pages s.
Example:
Ivanov, A.P. Fundamentals of economic theory: textbook/A.P. Ivanov. – M.: Education, 2026. – 324 p.
For books by two or three authors:
Petrov, S.V. History of Russia/S.V. Petrov, N.K. Sidorov, M.A. Kozlov. – St. Petersburg. : Peter, 2026. – 456 p.
If there are more than three authors, the first author is indicated with the addition of “etc.”:
Smirnov, V.I. Modern physics/V.I. Smirnov [and others]. – M.: Nauka, 2026. – 278 p.
Registration of articles from magazines and collections
Articles from periodicals are formatted according to the following scheme:
Last name, I.O. Title of the article/I.O. Фамилия//Название журнала. - Year. – Issue number. – S. pages.
Example:
Nikolaev, D.S. Problems of modern ecology/D.S. Nikolaev//Ecology and life. – 2026. – No. 3. – P. 15-22.
For articles from collections:
Volkov, E.A. Innovations in education/E.A. Volkov//Current problems of pedagogy: collection of articles. scientific tr. – M.: Education, 2026. – P. 67-89.
Features of design of electronic resources
Electronic sources are becoming an integral part of scientific work. When registering Internet resources, indicate:
Author (if any). Title of the material [Electronic resource]/Author//Site name. – Access mode: URL (access date: dd.mm.yyyy).
Example:
Federal State Statistics Service.
