Ceramic blocks are used in low- and mid-rise construction due to their large format, precise geometry and good thermal characteristics. At the same time, the material is sensitive to technology violations. Most problems arise not because of the blocks themselves, but because of errors at the design stage, masonry and installation of units.
Wrong choice of block for load-bearing walls
Ceramic blocks vary in strength, format and purpose. Using the wrong type will reduce the reliability of the walls.
Typical errors:
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use of blocks with insufficient strength
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selection of a wall block without taking into account the number of storeys
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use of partition blocks in load-bearing walls
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lack of load reserve
Before construction begins, blocks are selected according to calculation, and not according to the principle of minimum price or availability.
Errors in foundation design
Ceramic blocks are sensitive to uneven deformations of the base. Errors in the foundation are almost always reflected on the walls.
The most common problems:
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insufficient foundation rigidity
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lack of consideration of the weight of floors
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local subsidence of the base
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saving on width and reinforcement
Even high-quality masonry cannot compensate for errors in the foundation of the building.
Masonry with unsuitable mortar
Ceramic blocks are designed for a specific masonry technology. The use of unsuitable compounds impairs the performance of the wall.
Common errors:
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laying on ordinary cement-sand mortar
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excessively thick horizontal seams
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no warm solution or glue
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uneven seam thickness
Thick seams increase heat loss and create zones of different rigidity in the wall.
Violation of first-line technology
The first row is the base of the entire masonry. Errors at this stage accumulate along the height of the wall.
Typical violations:
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lack of precise horizontal alignment
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masonry without leveling layer
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ignoring foundation differences
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an attempt to compensate for unevenness with subsequent rows
An uneven first row leads to stress and cracks in the upper areas of the walls.
Lack or incorrect reinforcement
Ceramic blocks have low tensile strength and require structural reinforcement.
Common errors:
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refusal of masonry reinforcement
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reinforcement not according to design
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use of unsuitable fittings
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no reinforcement under the openings
Reinforcement
