Hardness is determined by the ability of one mineral to scratch another. The scale contains ten reference minerals with increasing hardness:
1. talcum powder
2. gypsum
3. calcite
4. Fluorite
5. appatite
6. Orthoclase (feldspar)
7. Quartz
8. Topaz
9. corundum
10. Diamond
The scale is not linear — the difference between neighboring levels can vary greatly. For example, the difference in hardness between diamond (10) and corundum (9) is significantly greater than that between corundum (9) and topaz (8)




